According to documentation (org-export-with-smart-quotes) should treat "pairs of single quotes as secondary quotes." This text: 'foo' Should be exported to HTML as: ‘foo’ However, org-mode 9.1.14 exports this text as: ’foo’ This does not occur when a secondary pair of quotations occurs within a pair of primary quotations. This text: "'foo'" Gets exported (properly) as: “‘foo’” This also occurs when exporting to pdf, latex and odt. I was able to get org to export smart quotes as expected by commenting out line `5505` of `ox.el`: 5503 ;; Not already in a level 1 quote: this is an 5504 ;; apostrophe. 5505 ;; ((not level1-open) 'apostrophe) Even with this line commented out, apostrophes are properly exported. (Even within pairs of primary and secondary quotations.) Is something wrong with my configuration? Or is there a problem with the org-export--smart-quote-status function? Thank you. Coleman Emacs : GNU Emacs 26.1 (build 1, x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.22.30) of 2018-07-05 Package: Org mode version 9.1.14 (9.1.14-1-g4931fc-elpa @ /home/coleman/.emacs.d/elpa/org-9.1.14/)