So I believe inline LaTeX images are working in gnus, see here $\sum{\text{ric}}$ and immediately below $$ \frac{\sum_{n \in \text{daily tasks}}{n}} {\text{Emacs}} = \text{Org-mode} $$ This turned out to be fairly easy, and didn't require any encoding or explicit mime function calls. I've also re-structured the code so that it should be easy to apply the appropriate mime markup for WL and VM. There are now two mime-library dependent functions `org-mail-file' and `org-mail-multipart' each of which contains a `case' block for library-specific behavior, e.g. #+begin_src emacs-lisp (case org-mail-mime-library ('mml (format (concat "