Re: [PATCH] export to various flavors of (X)HTML

[Eric Abrahamsen <eric@ericabrahamsen.net>]

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François Pinard <pinard@iro.umontreal.ca> writes:

> Christian Wittern <cwittern@gmail.com> writes:
>
>> On 2013-04-23 21:09, François Pinard wrote:
>
>>> If I remember well [...]
>
>> Well, in this case you are misremembering, empty elements, aka as
>> self-closing tags are one of the innovations of XML.  Just my nit to pick,
>
> A friendly nit-picking is always a good way to get one another to
> improve.  Thanks!

Who knew this would turn out to be such a fraught issue! All I wanted
was that little green checkmark from the W3C...

Here's what I think should be an acceptable final patch. I dropped the
CDATA mess, and came up with a slightly different implementation for
handling self-closing tags. It's maybe a little /bulkier/ than the
previous implementation, but not so hacky, and may continue to be useful
in the future. There's also a documentation patch.

Hope this works,
E


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From d3af8f41480eea27e0165e4dcd594ce3475e56cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Abrahamsen <eric@ericabrahamsen.net>
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2013 14:00:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] ox-html.el: Export to various flavors of (X)HTML

lisp/ox-html.el
(org-html-doctype-alist): New variable holding an alist of (X)HTML
			 doctypes

(org-html-xhtml-p): New function
(org-html-html5-p): New function
(org-html-close-tag): New function

Significant changes to `org-html-format-inline-image',
`org-html--build-meta-info', `org-html--build-head',
`org-html--build-pre/postable', `org-html-template',
`org-html-horizontal-rule', `org-html-format-list-item',
`org-html-line-break', `org-html-table', and `org-html-verse-block'.

doc/org.texi: Document the above
---
 doc/org.texi    |  41 ++++++++++++-
 lisp/ox-html.el | 187 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 2 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/org.texi b/doc/org.texi
index 3f2d1b8..c7fae6d 100644
--- a/doc/org.texi
+++ b/doc/org.texi
@@ -596,6 +596,7 @@ Exporting
 HTML export
 
 * HTML Export commands::        How to invoke HTML export
+* HTML doctypes::               Org can export to various (X)HTML flavors
 * HTML preamble and postamble::  How to insert a preamble and a postamble
 * Quoting HTML tags::           Using direct HTML in Org mode
 * Links in HTML export::        How links will be interpreted and formatted
@@ -10959,6 +10960,7 @@ language, but with additional support for tables.
 
 @menu
 * HTML Export commands::        How to invoke HTML export
+* HTML doctypes::               Org can export to various (X)HTML flavors
 * HTML preamble and postamble::  How to insert a preamble and a postamble
 * Quoting HTML tags::           Using direct HTML in Org mode
 * Links in HTML export::        How links will be interpreted and formatted
@@ -10970,7 +10972,7 @@ language, but with additional support for tables.
 * JavaScript support::          Info and Folding in a web browser
 @end menu
 
-@node HTML Export commands, HTML preamble and postamble, HTML export, HTML export
+@node HTML Export commands, HTML doctypes, HTML export, HTML export
 @subsection HTML export commands
 
 @table @kbd
@@ -10998,7 +11000,42 @@ Export to a temporary buffer.  Do not create a file.
 @c @noindent
 @c creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
 
-@node HTML preamble and postamble, Quoting HTML tags, HTML Export commands, HTML export
+@node HTML doctypes, HTML preamble and postamble, HTML Export commands, HTML export
+@subsection HTML doctypes
+@vindex org-html-doctype
+@vindex org-html-doctype-alist
+
+Org can export to various (X)HTML flavors.
+
+Setting the variable @var{org-html-doctype} allows you to export to different
+(X)HTML variants. The exported HTML will be adjusted according to the sytax
+requirements of that variant. You can either set this variable to a doctype
+string directly, in which case the exporter will try to adjust the syntax
+automatically, or you can use a ready-made doctype. The ready-made options
+are:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+``html4-strict''
+@item
+``html4-transitional''
+@item
+``html4-frameset''
+@item
+``xhtml-strict''
+@item
+``xhtml-transitional''
+@item
+``xhtml-frameset''
+@item
+``xhtml-11''
+@item
+``html5''
+@end itemize
+
+See the variable @var{org-html-doctype-alist} for details. The default is ``xhtml-strict''.
+
+@node HTML preamble and postamble, Quoting HTML tags, HTML doctypes, HTML export
 @subsection HTML preamble and postamble
 @vindex org-html-preamble
 @vindex org-html-postamble
diff --git a/lisp/ox-html.el b/lisp/ox-html.el
index ef7d15a..eddc122 100644
--- a/lisp/ox-html.el
+++ b/lisp/ox-html.el
@@ -143,6 +143,26 @@
 (defvar org-html--pre/postamble-class "status"
   "CSS class used for pre/postamble")
 
+(defconst org-html-doctype-alist
+  '(("html4-strict" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">")
+    ("html4-transitional" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd\">")
+    ("html4-frameset" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd\">")
+
+    ("xhtml-strict" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">")
+    ("xhtml-transitional" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd\">")
+    ("xhtml-framset" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd\">")
+    ("xhtml-11" . "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN\"
+\"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml11.dtd\">")
+
+    ("html5" . "<!DOCTYPE html>"))
+  "An alist mapping (x)html flavors to specific doctypes.")
+
 (defconst org-html-special-string-regexps
   '(("\\\\-" . "&#x00ad;")		; shy
     ("---\\([^-]\\)" . "&#x2014;\\1")	; mdash
@@ -748,7 +768,9 @@ in all modes you want.  Then, use the command
   '(:border "2" :cellspacing "0" :cellpadding "6" :rules "groups" :frame "hsides")
   "Default attributes and values which will be used in table tags.
 This is a plist where attributes are symbols, starting with
-colons, and values are strings."
+colons, and values are strings.
+
+When exporting to HTML5, these values will be disregarded."
   :group 'org-export-html
   :version "24.4"
   :package-version '(Org . "8.0")
@@ -856,7 +878,9 @@ CSS classes, then this prefix can be very useful."
   "The extension for exported HTML files.
 %s will be replaced with the charset of the exported file.
 This may be a string, or an alist with export extensions
-and corresponding declarations."
+and corresponding declarations.
+
+This declaration only applies when exporting to XHTML."
   :group 'org-export-html
   :type '(choice
 	  (string :tag "Single declaration")
@@ -872,8 +896,7 @@ Use utf-8 as the default value."
   :package-version '(Org . "8.0")
   :type 'coding-system)
 
-(defcustom org-html-doctype
-  "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">"
+(defcustom org-html-doctype "xhtml-strict"
   "Document type definition to use for exported HTML files.
 Can be set with the in-buffer HTML_DOCTYPE property or for
 publishing, with :html-doctype."
@@ -962,7 +985,8 @@ You can also customize this for each buffer, using something like
 		    (const :format "       " mathml) (boolean))))
 
 (defcustom org-html-mathjax-template
-  "<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"%PATH\">
+  "<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"%PATH\"></script>
+<script type=\"text/javascript\">
 <!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
     MathJax.Hub.Config({
         // Only one of the two following lines, depending on user settings
@@ -1035,7 +1059,7 @@ precedence over this variable."
   '(("en" "<p class=\"author\">Author: %a (%e)</p>
 <p class=\"date\">Date: %d</p>
 <p class=\"creator\">%c</p>
-<p class=\"xhtml-validation\">%v</p>"))
+<p class=\"validation\">%v</p>"))
   "Alist of languages and format strings for the HTML postamble.
 
 The first element of each list is the language code, as used for
@@ -1060,7 +1084,7 @@ like that: \"%%\"."
 		:value-type (string :tag "Format string")))
 
 (defcustom org-html-validation-link
-  "<a href=\"http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer\">Validate XHTML 1.0</a>"
+  "<a href=\"http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer\">Validate</a>"
   "Link to HTML validation service."
   :group 'org-export-html
   :type 'string)
@@ -1240,6 +1264,18 @@ CSS classes, then this prefix can be very useful."
 \f
 ;;; Internal Functions
 
+(defun org-html-xhtml-p (info)
+  (let ((dt (downcase (plist-get info :html-doctype))))
+    (string-match-p "xhtml" dt)))
+
+(defun org-html-html5-p (info)
+  (let ((dt (downcase (plist-get info :html-doctype))))
+	(member dt '("html5" "<!doctype html>"))))
+
+(defun org-html-close-tag (tag attr info)
+  (concat "<" tag (or attr "")
+	  (if (org-html-xhtml-p info) " />" ">")))
+
 (defun org-html--make-attribute-string (attributes)
   "Return a list of attributes, as a string.
 ATTRIBUTES is a plist where values are either strings or nil. An
@@ -1253,7 +1289,7 @@ attributes with a nil value will be omitted from the result."
                              "\"" "&quot;" (org-html-encode-plain-text item))))
                  (setcar output (format "%s=\"%s\"" key value))))))))
 
-(defun org-html-format-inline-image (src &optional
+(defun org-html-format-inline-image (src info &optional
 					 caption label attr standalone-p)
   "Format an inline image from SRC.
 CAPTION, LABEL and ATTR are optional arguments providing the
@@ -1262,6 +1298,7 @@ When STANDALONE-P is t, wrap the <img.../> into a <div>...</div>."
   (let* ((id (if (not label) ""
 	       (format " id=\"%s\"" (org-export-solidify-link-text label))))
 	 (attr (concat attr
+		       (format " src=\"%s\"" src)
 		       (cond
 			((string-match "\\<alt=" (or attr "")) "")
 			((string-match "^ltxpng/" src)
@@ -1273,12 +1310,12 @@ When STANDALONE-P is t, wrap the <img.../> into a <div>...</div>."
 				   (file-name-nondirectory src)))))))
     (cond
      (standalone-p
-      (let ((img (format "<img src=\"%s\" %s/>" src attr)))
+      (let ((img (org-html-close-tag "img" attr info)))
 	(format "\n<div%s class=\"figure\">%s%s\n</div>"
 		id (format "\n<p>%s</p>" img)
 		(if (and caption (not (string= caption "")))
 		    (format "\n<p>%s</p>" caption) ""))))
-     (t (format "<img src=\"%s\" %s/>" src (concat attr id))))))
+     (t (org-html-close-tag "img" (concat attr id) info)))))
 
 (defun org-html--textarea-block (element)
   "Transcode ELEMENT into a textarea block.
@@ -1437,7 +1474,11 @@ INFO is a plist used as a communication channel."
 				 (cons 'plain-text org-element-all-objects)
 			       'identity info))))))
 	(description (plist-get info :description))
-	(keywords (plist-get info :keywords)))
+	(keywords (plist-get info :keywords))
+	(charset (or (and org-html-coding-system
+			  (fboundp 'coding-system-get)
+			  (coding-system-get org-html-coding-system 'mime-charset))
+		     "iso-8859-1")))
     (concat
      (format "<title>%s</title>\n" title)
      (format
@@ -1445,21 +1486,24 @@ INFO is a plist used as a communication channel."
 	(format-time-string
 	 (concat "<!-- " org-html-metadata-timestamp-format " -->\n"))))
      (format
-      "<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=%s\"/>\n"
-      (or (and org-html-coding-system
-	       (fboundp 'coding-system-get)
-	       (coding-system-get org-html-coding-system 'mime-charset))
-	  "iso-8859-1"))
-     (format "<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"Org-mode\"/>\n")
+      (if (org-html-html5-p info)
+	  "<meta charset=\"%s\">\n"
+	(org-html-close-tag
+	 "meta" " http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=%s\"" info))
+      charset) "\n"
+     (org-html-close-tag "meta" " name=\"generator\" content=\"Org-mode\"" info) "\n"
      (and (org-string-nw-p author)
-	  (format "<meta name=\"author\" content=\"%s\"/>\n"
-		  (funcall protect-string author)))
+	  (org-html-close-tag "meta" (format " name=\"author\" content=\"%s\""
+					     (funcall protect-string author)) info)
+	  "\n")
      (and (org-string-nw-p description)
-	  (format "<meta name=\"description\" content=\"%s\"/>\n"
-		  (funcall protect-string description)))
+	  (org-html-close-tag "meta" (format " name=\"description\" content=\"%s\"%s\n"
+					     (funcall protect-string description)) info)
+	  "\n")
      (and (org-string-nw-p keywords)
-	  (format "<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"%s\"/>\n"
-		  (funcall protect-string keywords))))))
+	  (org-html-close-tag "meta" (format " name=\"keywords\" content=\"%s\""
+					     (funcall protect-string keywords)) info)
+	  "\n"))))
 
 (defun org-html--build-head (info)
   "Return information for the <head>..</head> of the HTML output.
@@ -1472,8 +1516,10 @@ INFO is a plist used as a communication channel."
     (org-element-normalize-string (plist-get info :html-head-extra))
     (when (and (plist-get info :html-htmlized-css-url)
 	       (eq org-html-htmlize-output-type 'css))
-      (format "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"%s\" type=\"text/css\" />\n"
-	      (plist-get info :html-htmlized-css-url)))
+      (org-html-close-tag "link"
+			  (format " rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"%s\" type=\"text/css\""
+				  (plist-get info :html-htmlized-css-url))
+			  info))
     (when (plist-get info :html-head-include-scripts) org-html-scripts))))
 
 (defun org-html--build-mathjax-config (info)
@@ -1570,7 +1616,7 @@ communication channel."
 		       (format-time-string org-html-metadata-timestamp-format)))
 		    (when (plist-get info :with-creator)
 		      (format "<p class=\"creator\">%s</p>\n" creator))
-		    (format "<p class=\"xhtml-validation\">%s</p>\n"
+		    (format "<p class=\"validation\">%s</p>\n"
 			    validation-link))))
 		(t (format-spec
 		    (or (cadr (assoc
@@ -1612,23 +1658,31 @@ holding export options."
 CONTENTS is the transcoded contents string.  INFO is a plist
 holding export options."
   (concat
-   (format
-    (or (and (stringp org-html-xml-declaration)
-	     org-html-xml-declaration)
-	(cdr (assoc (plist-get info :html-extension)
-		    org-html-xml-declaration))
-	(cdr (assoc "html" org-html-xml-declaration))
-
-	"")
-    (or (and org-html-coding-system
-	     (fboundp 'coding-system-get)
-	     (coding-system-get org-html-coding-system 'mime-charset))
-	"iso-8859-1"))
-   "\n"
-   (plist-get info :html-doctype)
+   (when (org-html-xhtml-p info)
+     (format "%s\n"
+	     (format (or (and (stringp org-html-xml-declaration)
+			      org-html-xml-declaration)
+			 (cdr (assoc (plist-get info :html-extension)
+				     org-html-xml-declaration))
+			 (cdr (assoc "html" org-html-xml-declaration))
+
+			 "")
+		     (or (and org-html-coding-system
+			      (fboundp 'coding-system-get)
+			      (coding-system-get org-html-coding-system 'mime-charset))
+			 "iso-8859-1"))))
+   (let* ((dt (plist-get info :html-doctype))
+	  (dt-cons (assoc dt org-html-doctype-alist)))
+     (if dt-cons
+	 (cdr dt-cons)
+       dt))
    "\n"
-   (format "<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" lang=\"%s\" xml:lang=\"%s\">\n"
-	   (plist-get info :language) (plist-get info :language))
+   (concat "<html"
+	   (when (org-html-xhtml-p info)
+	     (format
+	      " xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" lang=\"%s\" xml:lang=\"%s\""
+	      (plist-get info :language) (plist-get info :language)))
+	   ">\n")
    "<head>\n"
    (org-html--build-meta-info info)
    (org-html--build-head info)
@@ -2179,7 +2233,7 @@ holding contextual information."
       ;; Build the real contents of the sub-tree.
       (let* ((type (if numberedp 'ordered 'unordered))
 	     (itemized-body (org-html-format-list-item
-			     contents type nil nil full-text)))
+			     contents type nil info nil full-text)))
 	(concat
 	 (and (org-export-first-sibling-p headline info)
 	      (org-html-begin-plain-list type))
@@ -2239,7 +2293,7 @@ holding contextual information."
 (defun org-html-horizontal-rule (horizontal-rule contents info)
   "Transcode an HORIZONTAL-RULE  object from Org to HTML.
 CONTENTS is nil.  INFO is a plist holding contextual information."
-  "<hr/>")
+  (org-html-close-tag "hr" nil info))
 
 ;;;; Inline Src Block
 
@@ -2275,8 +2329,9 @@ holding contextual information."
       (org-html-format-headline--wrap
        inlinetask info format-function :contents contents)))
    ;; Otherwise, use a default template.
-   (t (format "<div class=\"inlinetask\">\n<b>%s</b><br/>\n%s</div>"
+   (t (format "<div class=\"inlinetask\">\n<b>%s</b>%s\n%s</div>"
 	      (org-html-format-headline--wrap inlinetask info)
+	      (org-html-close-tag "br" nil info)
 	      contents))))
 
 ;;;; Italic
@@ -2296,11 +2351,12 @@ contextual information."
 	(trans "<code>[-]</code>")
 	(t "")))
 
-(defun org-html-format-list-item (contents type checkbox
+(defun org-html-format-list-item (contents type checkbox info
 					     &optional term-counter-id
 					     headline)
   "Format a list item into HTML."
-  (let ((checkbox (concat (org-html-checkbox checkbox) (and checkbox " "))))
+  (let ((checkbox (concat (org-html-checkbox checkbox) (and checkbox " ")))
+	(br (org-html-close-tag "br" nil info)))
     (concat
      (case type
        (ordered
@@ -2308,13 +2364,13 @@ contextual information."
 	       (extra (if counter (format " value=\"%s\"" counter) "")))
 	  (concat
 	   (format "<li%s>" extra)
-	   (when headline (concat headline "<br/>")))))
+	   (when headline (concat headline br)))))
        (unordered
 	(let* ((id term-counter-id)
 	       (extra (if id (format " id=\"%s\"" id) "")))
 	  (concat
 	   (format "<li%s>" extra)
-	   (when headline (concat headline "<br/>")))))
+	   (when headline (concat headline br)))))
        (descriptive
 	(let* ((term term-counter-id))
 	  (setq term (or term "(no term)"))
@@ -2340,7 +2396,7 @@ contextual information."
 	 (tag (let ((tag (org-element-property :tag item)))
 		(and tag (org-export-data tag info)))))
     (org-html-format-list-item
-     contents type checkbox (or tag counter))))
+     contents type checkbox info (or tag counter))))
 
 ;;;; Keyword
 
@@ -2399,7 +2455,7 @@ CONTENTS is nil.  INFO is a plist holding contextual information."
 	(when (and formula-link
 		   (string-match "file:\\([^]]*\\)" formula-link))
 	  (org-html-format-inline-image
-	   (match-string 1 formula-link) caption label attr t))))
+	   (match-string 1 formula-link) info caption label attr t))))
      (t latex-frag))))
 
 ;;;; Latex Fragment
@@ -2418,7 +2474,7 @@ CONTENTS is nil.  INFO is a plist holding contextual information."
 	 (when (and formula-link
 		    (string-match "file:\\([^]]*\\)" formula-link))
 	   (org-html-format-inline-image
-	    (match-string 1 formula-link)))))
+	    (match-string 1 formula-link) info))))
       (t latex-frag))))
 
 ;;;; Line Break
@@ -2426,7 +2482,7 @@ CONTENTS is nil.  INFO is a plist holding contextual information."
 (defun org-html-line-break (line-break contents info)
   "Transcode a LINE-BREAK object from Org to HTML.
 CONTENTS is nil.  INFO is a plist holding contextual information."
-  "<br/>\n")
+  (concat (org-html-close-tag "br" nil info) "\n"))
 
 ;;;; Link
 
@@ -2451,7 +2507,7 @@ Inline images can have these attributes:
 	 (label (org-element-property :name parent)))
     ;; Return proper string, depending on DISPOSITION.
     (org-html-format-inline-image
-     path caption label
+     path info caption label
      (org-html--make-attribute-string
       (org-export-read-attribute :attr_html parent))
      (org-html-standalone-image-p link info))))
@@ -2769,7 +2825,8 @@ contextual information."
     (when (plist-get info :preserve-breaks)
       (setq output
 	    (replace-regexp-in-string
-	     "\\(\\\\\\\\\\)?[ \t]*\n" "<br/>\n" output)))
+	     "\\(\\\\\\\\\\)?[ \t]*\n"
+	     (concat (org-html-close-tag "br" nil info) "\n") output)))
     ;; Return value.
     output))
 
@@ -3044,11 +3101,12 @@ contextual information."
      (let* ((label (org-element-property :name table))
 	    (caption (org-export-get-caption table))
 	    (attributes
-	     (org-html--make-attribute-string
-	      (org-combine-plists
-	       (and label (list :id (org-export-solidify-link-text label)))
-	       (plist-get info :html-table-attributes)
-	       (org-export-read-attribute :attr_html table))))
+	     (if (org-html-html5-p info) ""
+	       (org-html--make-attribute-string
+		(org-combine-plists
+		 (and label (list :id (org-export-solidify-link-text label)))
+		 (plist-get info :html-table-attributes)
+		 (org-export-read-attribute :attr_html table)))))
 	    (alignspec
 	     (if (and (boundp 'org-html-format-table-no-css)
 		      org-html-format-table-no-css)
@@ -3066,7 +3124,9 @@ contextual information."
 			     table-cell info)
 			"\n<colgroup>")
 		      ;; Add a column.  Also specify it's alignment.
-		      (format "\n<col %s/>" (format alignspec alignment))
+		      (format "\n%s"
+			      (org-html-close-tag
+			       "col" (concat " " (format alignspec alignment)) info))
 		      ;; End a colgroup?
 		      (when (org-export-table-cell-ends-colgroup-p
 			     table-cell info)
@@ -3128,9 +3188,10 @@ contextual information."
   ;; Replace each newline character with line break.  Also replace
   ;; each blank line with a line break.
   (setq contents (replace-regexp-in-string
-		  "^ *\\\\\\\\$" "<br/>\n"
+		  "^ *\\\\\\\\$" (format "%s\n" (org-html-close-tag "br" nil info))
 		  (replace-regexp-in-string
-		   "\\(\\\\\\\\\\)?[ \t]*\n" " <br/>\n" contents)))
+		   "\\(\\\\\\\\\\)?[ \t]*\n"
+		   (format "%s\n" (org-html-close-tag "br" nil info)) contents)))
   ;; Replace each white space at beginning of a line with a
   ;; non-breaking space.
   (while (string-match "^[ \t]+" contents)
-- 
1.8.2.1