;;; ob-python.el --- Babel Functions for Python      -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Authors: Eric Schulte
;;	 Dan Davison
;; Maintainer: Jack Kamm <jackkamm@gmail.com>
;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research
;; URL: https://orgmode.org

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; Org-Babel support for evaluating python source code.

;;; Code:

(require 'org-macs)
(org-assert-version)

(require 'ob)
(require 'org-macs)
(require 'python)

(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts)
(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("python" . "py"))

(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:python '())

(defcustom org-babel-python-command "python"
  "Name of the command for executing Python code."
  :version "24.4"
  :package-version '(Org . "8.0")
  :group 'org-babel
  :type 'string)

(defcustom org-babel-python-hline-to "None"
  "Replace hlines in incoming tables with this when translating to python."
  :group 'org-babel
  :version "24.4"
  :package-version '(Org . "8.0")
  :type 'string)

(defcustom org-babel-python-None-to 'hline
  "Replace `None' in python tables with this before returning."
  :group 'org-babel
  :version "24.4"
  :package-version '(Org . "8.0")
  :type 'symbol)

(defun org-babel-execute:python (body params)
  "Execute a block of Python code with Babel.
This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'."
  (let* ((org-babel-python-command
	  (or (cdr (assq :python params))
	      org-babel-python-command))
	 (session (org-babel-python-initiate-session
		   (cdr (assq :session params))))
         (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params)))
         (result-type (cdr (assq :result-type params)))
         (graphics-file (and (member "graphics" result-params)
                             (ignore-errors
                               (org-babel-graphical-output-file params))))
	 (return-val (when (eq result-type 'value)
		       (cdr (assq :return params))))
	 (preamble (cdr (assq :preamble params)))
	 (async (org-babel-comint-use-async params))
         (full-body
	  (concat
	   (org-babel-expand-body:generic
	    body params
	    (org-babel-variable-assignments:python params))
           (when graphics-file
             (org-babel-python-save-graphics graphics-file params))
	   (when return-val
	     (format (if session "\n%s" "\nreturn %s") return-val))))
         (result (org-babel-python-evaluate
		  session full-body result-type
		  result-params preamble async)))
    (org-babel-reassemble-table
     result
     (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :colname-names params))
			  (cdr (assq :colnames params)))
     (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :rowname-names params))
			  (cdr (assq :rownames params))))))

(defun org-babel-prep-session:python (session params)
  "Prepare SESSION according to the header arguments in PARAMS.
VARS contains resolved variable references."
  (let* ((session (org-babel-python-initiate-session session))
	 (var-lines
	  (org-babel-variable-assignments:python params)))
    (org-babel-comint-in-buffer session
      (mapc (lambda (var)
              (end-of-line 1) (insert var) (comint-send-input)
              (org-babel-comint-wait-for-output session))
	    var-lines))
    session))

(defun org-babel-load-session:python (session body params)
  "Load BODY into SESSION."
  (save-window-excursion
    (let ((buffer (org-babel-prep-session:python session params)))
      (with-current-buffer buffer
        (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))))
        (insert (org-babel-chomp body)))
      buffer)))

;; helper functions

(defun org-babel-variable-assignments:python (params)
  "Return a list of Python statements assigning the block's variables."
  (mapcar
   (lambda (pair)
     (format "%s=%s"
	     (car pair)
	     (org-babel-python-var-to-python (cdr pair))))
   (org-babel--get-vars params)))

(defun org-babel-python-var-to-python (var)
  "Convert an elisp value to a python variable.
Convert an elisp value, VAR, into a string of python source code
specifying a variable of the same value."
  (if (listp var)
      (concat "[" (mapconcat #'org-babel-python-var-to-python var ", ") "]")
    (if (eq var 'hline)
	org-babel-python-hline-to
      (format
       (if (and (stringp var) (string-match "[\n\r]" var)) "\"\"%S\"\"" "%S")
       (if (stringp var) (substring-no-properties var) var)))))

(defun org-babel-python-table-or-string (results)
  "Convert RESULTS into an appropriate elisp value.
If the results look like a list or tuple, then convert them into an
Emacs-lisp table, otherwise return the results as a string."
  (let ((res (org-babel-script-escape results)))
    (if (listp res)
        (mapcar (lambda (el) (if (eq el 'None)
                                 org-babel-python-None-to el))
                res)
      res)))

(defun org-babel-python-save-graphics (out-file _)
  "Return the code for saving graphics to `OUT-FILE'."
  (format "
try:
    import matplotlib.pyplot
    if len(matplotlib.pyplot.get_fignums()) > 0:
        matplotlib.pyplot.gcf().savefig('%s')
    else:
        raise RuntimeError('No figure is found. You need to use matplotlib\
 functions, such as plot and imshow, to produce the graphics.')
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    raise RuntimeError('ob-python depends on matplotlib for saving graphics')
"
          out-file))

(defvar org-babel-python-buffers '((:default . "*Python*")))

(defun org-babel-python-session-buffer (session)
  "Return the buffer associated with SESSION."
  (cdr (assoc session org-babel-python-buffers)))

(defun org-babel-python-with-earmuffs (session)
  (let ((name (if (stringp session) session (format "%s" session))))
    (if (and (string= "*" (substring name 0 1))
	     (string= "*" (substring name (- (length name) 1))))
	name
      (format "*%s*" name))))

(defun org-babel-python-without-earmuffs (session)
  (let ((name (if (stringp session) session (format "%s" session))))
    (if (and (string= "*" (substring name 0 1))
	     (string= "*" (substring name (- (length name) 1))))
	(substring name 1 (- (length name) 1))
      name)))

(defvar-local org-babel-python--initialized nil
  "Flag used to mark that python session has been initialized.")
(defun org-babel-python-initiate-session-by-key (&optional session)
  "Initiate a python session.
If there is not a current inferior-process-buffer in SESSION
then create.  Return the initialized session."
  (save-window-excursion
    (let* ((session (if session (intern session) :default))
           (py-buffer (or (org-babel-python-session-buffer session)
                          (org-babel-python-with-earmuffs session)))
	   (cmd (if (member system-type '(cygwin windows-nt ms-dos))
		    (concat org-babel-python-command " -i")
		  org-babel-python-command))
           (python-shell-buffer-name
	    (org-babel-python-without-earmuffs py-buffer))
           (existing-session-p (comint-check-proc py-buffer)))
      (run-python cmd)
      (with-current-buffer py-buffer
        ;; Adding to `python-shell-first-prompt-hook' immediately
        ;; after `run-python' should be safe from race conditions,
        ;; because subprocess output only arrives when Emacs is
        ;; waiting (see elisp manual, "Output from Processes")
        (add-hook
         'python-shell-first-prompt-hook
         (lambda () (setq-local org-babel-python--initialized t))
         nil 'local))
      ;; Don't hang if session was started externally
      (unless existing-session-p
        ;; Wait until Python initializes
        ;; This is more reliable compared to
        ;; `org-babel-comint-wait-for-output' as python may emit
        ;; multiple prompts during initialization.
        (with-current-buffer py-buffer
          (while (not org-babel-python--initialized)
            (org-babel-comint-wait-for-output py-buffer))))
      (setq org-babel-python-buffers
	    (cons (cons session py-buffer)
		  (assq-delete-all session org-babel-python-buffers)))
      session)))

(defun org-babel-python-initiate-session (&optional session _params)
  "Create a session named SESSION according to PARAMS."
  (unless (string= session "none")
    (org-babel-python-session-buffer
     (org-babel-python-initiate-session-by-key session))))

(defvar org-babel-python-eoe-indicator "org_babel_python_eoe"
  "A string to indicate that evaluation has completed.")

(defconst org-babel-python-wrapper-method
  "
def main():
%s

open('%s', 'w').write( str(main()) )")
(defconst org-babel-python-pp-wrapper-method
  "
import pprint
def main():
%s

open('%s', 'w').write( pprint.pformat(main()) )")

(defconst org-babel-python--exec-tmpfile "\
with open('%s') as __org_babel_python_tmpfile:
    exec(compile(__org_babel_python_tmpfile.read(), __org_babel_python_tmpfile.name, 'exec'))"
  "Template for Python session command with output results.

Has a single %s escape, the tempfile containing the source code
to evaluate.")

(defun org-babel-python-format-session-value
    (src-file result-file result-params)
  "Return Python code to evaluate SRC-FILE and write result to RESULT-FILE."
  (format "\
import ast
with open('%s') as __org_babel_python_tmpfile:
    __org_babel_python_ast = ast.parse(__org_babel_python_tmpfile.read())
__org_babel_python_final = __org_babel_python_ast.body[-1]
if isinstance(__org_babel_python_final, ast.Expr):
    __org_babel_python_ast.body = __org_babel_python_ast.body[:-1]
    exec(compile(__org_babel_python_ast, '<string>', 'exec'))
    __org_babel_python_final = eval(compile(ast.Expression(
        __org_babel_python_final.value), '<string>', 'eval'))
    with open('%s', 'w') as __org_babel_python_tmpfile:
        if %s:
            import pprint
            __org_babel_python_tmpfile.write(pprint.pformat(__org_babel_python_final))
        else:
            __org_babel_python_tmpfile.write(str(__org_babel_python_final))
else:
    exec(compile(__org_babel_python_ast, '<string>', 'exec'))
    __org_babel_python_final = None"
	  (org-babel-process-file-name src-file 'noquote)
	  (org-babel-process-file-name result-file 'noquote)
	  (if (member "pp" result-params) "True" "False")))

(defun org-babel-python-evaluate
    (session body &optional result-type result-params preamble async)
  "Evaluate BODY as Python code."
  (if session
      (if async
	  (org-babel-python-async-evaluate-session
	   session body result-type result-params)
	(org-babel-python-evaluate-session
	 session body result-type result-params))
    (org-babel-python-evaluate-external-process
     body result-type result-params preamble)))

(defun org-babel-python--shift-right (body &optional count)
  (with-temp-buffer
    (python-mode)
    (insert body)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (while (not (eobp))
      (unless (python-syntax-context 'string)
	(python-indent-shift-right (line-beginning-position)
				   (line-end-position)
				   count))
      (forward-line 1))
    (buffer-string)))

(defun org-babel-python-evaluate-external-process
    (body &optional result-type result-params preamble)
  "Evaluate BODY in external python process.
If RESULT-TYPE equals `output' then return standard output as a
string.  If RESULT-TYPE equals `value' then return the value of the
last statement in BODY, as elisp."
  (let ((raw
         (pcase result-type
           (`output (org-babel-eval org-babel-python-command
				    (concat preamble (and preamble "\n")
					    body)))
           (`value (let ((tmp-file (org-babel-temp-file "python-")))
		     (org-babel-eval
		      org-babel-python-command
		      (concat
		       preamble (and preamble "\n")
		       (format
			(if (member "pp" result-params)
			    org-babel-python-pp-wrapper-method
			  org-babel-python-wrapper-method)
			(org-babel-python--shift-right body)
			(org-babel-process-file-name tmp-file 'noquote))))
		     (org-babel-eval-read-file tmp-file))))))
    (org-babel-result-cond result-params
      raw
      (org-babel-python-table-or-string (org-trim raw)))))

(defun org-babel-python-send-string (session body)
  "Pass BODY to the Python process in SESSION.
Return output."
  (with-current-buffer session
    (let* ((string-buffer "")
	   (comint-output-filter-functions
	    (cons (lambda (text) (setq string-buffer
				       (concat string-buffer text)))
		  comint-output-filter-functions))
	   (body (format "\
try:
%s
except:
    raise
finally:
    print('%s')"
			 (org-babel-python--shift-right body 4)
			 org-babel-python-eoe-indicator)))
      (let ((python-shell-buffer-name
	     (org-babel-python-without-earmuffs session)))
	(python-shell-send-string body))
      ;; same as `python-shell-comint-end-of-output-p' in emacs-25.1+
      (while (not (string-match
		   org-babel-python-eoe-indicator
		   string-buffer))
	(accept-process-output (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))))
      (org-babel-chomp (substring string-buffer 0 (match-beginning 0))))))

(defun org-babel-python-evaluate-session
    (session body &optional result-type result-params)
  "Pass BODY to the Python process in SESSION.
If RESULT-TYPE equals `output' then return standard output as a
string.  If RESULT-TYPE equals `value' then return the value of the
last statement in BODY, as elisp."
  (let* ((tmp-src-file (org-babel-temp-file "python-"))
         (results
	  (progn
	    (with-temp-file tmp-src-file (insert body))
            (pcase result-type
	      (`output
	       (let ((body (format org-babel-python--exec-tmpfile
				   (org-babel-process-file-name
				    tmp-src-file 'noquote))))
		 (org-babel-python-send-string session body)))
              (`value
               (let* ((tmp-results-file (org-babel-temp-file "python-"))
		      (body (org-babel-python-format-session-value
			     tmp-src-file tmp-results-file result-params)))
		 (org-babel-python-send-string session body)
		 (sleep-for 0 10)
		 (org-babel-eval-read-file tmp-results-file)))))))
    (org-babel-result-cond result-params
      results
      (org-babel-python-table-or-string results))))

(defun org-babel-python-read-string (string)
  "Strip \\='s from around Python string."
  (if (and (string-prefix-p "'" string)
	   (string-suffix-p "'" string))
      (substring string 1 -1)
    string))

;; Async session eval

(defconst org-babel-python-async-indicator "print ('ob_comint_async_python_%s_%s')")

(defun org-babel-python-async-value-callback (params tmp-file)
  (let ((result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params)))
	(results (org-babel-eval-read-file tmp-file)))
    (org-babel-result-cond result-params
      results
      (org-babel-python-table-or-string results))))

(defun org-babel-python-async-evaluate-session
    (session body &optional result-type result-params)
  "Asynchronously evaluate BODY in SESSION.
Returns a placeholder string for insertion, to later be replaced
by `org-babel-comint-async-filter'."
  (org-babel-comint-async-register
   session (current-buffer)
   "ob_comint_async_python_\\(.+\\)_\\(.+\\)"
   'org-babel-chomp 'org-babel-python-async-value-callback)
  (let ((python-shell-buffer-name (org-babel-python-without-earmuffs session)))
    (pcase result-type
      (`output
       (let ((uuid (org-id-uuid)))
         (with-temp-buffer
           (insert (format org-babel-python-async-indicator "start" uuid))
           (insert "\n")
           (insert body)
           (insert "\n")
           (insert (format org-babel-python-async-indicator "end" uuid))
           (python-shell-send-buffer))
         uuid))
      (`value
       (let ((tmp-results-file (org-babel-temp-file "python-"))
             (tmp-src-file (org-babel-temp-file "python-")))
         (with-temp-file tmp-src-file (insert body))
         (with-temp-buffer
           (insert (org-babel-python-format-session-value tmp-src-file tmp-results-file result-params))
           (insert "\n")
           (insert (format org-babel-python-async-indicator "file" tmp-results-file))
           (python-shell-send-buffer))
         tmp-results-file)))))

(provide 'ob-python)

;;; ob-python.el ends here