Thanks for the reproducer!
I committed a fix onto main.
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs/org-mode.git/commit/?id=58c5c5882

Hi Ihor, do you know anything on the merge progress of your fix into emacs?

I just tested with GNU Emacs 29.4 with --no-init-file and the minimal example still doesn't produce a correct table.

- Jakob