I configured a fresh emacs 28 installation to include the package geiser-guile.

I tried to evaluate this simple org block (after activating scheme with
babel of course):

#+begin_src scheme :session test
(define x 42)

#+end_src

I get:
#+RESULTS:

The *Geiser Messages* buffer shows this:

ERROR: <5>: continuation failed ",geiser-eval #f (begin ;; -*- geiser-sch\
eme-implementation: guile -*-
(define x 42)
x
) ()"

(error Selecting deleted buffer)

I managed to track the bug to ob-scheme.el:

in (defun org-babel-scheme-execute-with-geiser, on line 179, simply
replace geiser-eval-region with geiser-eval-region/wait so that the
temporary result buffer doesn't close too soon. It then works as
expected.

Pascal Grossé