Thanks Tom.

Your solution almost gets me there but I still need to manually update the
tar-file argument value in the #+CALL lines.

What I am looking for is for something like below to work (but it isn't). I
have multiple such #+CALL lines and I would like to not manually update the
tar-file arg in all those.
Below does not work because the {{{TAR_FILE}}} macro does not get expanded
in the #+CALL line.

#+MACRO: TAR_FILE some_file.tar.gz

#+NAME: tar-eg
#+HEADER: :var tar-file="" :exports none
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(format "> tar xzvf %s" tar-file)
#+END_SRC

#+CALL: tar-eg(tar-file="{{{TAR_FILE}}}") :wrap example :exports results