<<中文字符>> and <<<片仮名>>> can’t be exported correctly whether in latex or html.
It seems to be the problem of function “org-export-solidify-link-text”……
So, I change the function “org-export-solidify-link-text” in ox.el with the codes below
(defun org-export-solidify-link-text (s)
"Take link text S and make a safe target out of it."
(save-match-data
(mapconcat 'identity (org-split-string (prin1-to-string (encode-coding-string s 'utf-8)) "[^a-zA-Z0-9_.-:]+") "-")))
May it be help.