<<中文字符>> and <<<片仮名>>> can’t be exported correctly whether in latex or html.
It seems to be the problem of function “org-export-solidify-link-text”……

So, I change the function “org-export-solidify-link-text”  in ox.el with the codes below

(defun org-export-solidify-link-text (s)
  "Take link text S and make a safe target out of it."
  (save-match-data
    (mapconcat 'identity (org-split-string (prin1-to-string (encode-coding-string s 'utf-8)) "[^a-zA-Z0-9_.-:]+") "-")))

May it be help.