Re: XHTML export -   etc.

From: "William Henney" <whenney@gmail.com>
To: Daniel Clemente <n142857@gmail.com>
Cc: emacs-orgmode@gnu.org
Subject: Re: XHTML export - &nbsp; etc.
Date: Sat, 3 Nov 2007 00:10:57 -0600	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <41c818190711022310x147f5376r1f6c8184fe7f4b36@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <ae9590aa0711021320i7d22fc12ieb93e3039f5d2f8d@mail.gmail.com>

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On 11/2/07, Daniel Clemente <n142857@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Shouldn't they be `&endash;' and `&emdash;' in HTML?
> >
> > http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/dtds.html#a_dtd_Symbols
> >
>
>   You mean &ndash; and &mdash;

Yes. Thanks for the correction.

Personally, I tend to just use the unicode characters directly in my
org file. This works quite well om the whole (see attached example).

Cheers

Will

-- 

  Dr William Henney, Centro de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica,
  Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia

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#+TITLE:     Unicode and org mode
#+AUTHOR:    William Henney
#+EMAIL:     w.henney@astrosmo.unam.mx
#+LANGUAGE:  en
#+OPTIONS:   H:3 num:nil toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t f:t *:t TeX:t LaTeX:t skip:t p:nil

* Notes on using unicode characters in org mode 
** How to enter the unicode characters
   Use either the SGML or TeX input method.
*** Using the TeX input method
    + Type =C-u C-\ tex= to activate
    + Type things like =\alpha= or =x^2= and they will be translated
      into the unicode glyph. Use tab for completion help. 
    + Pro: "Intuitive" to use. 
    + Con: Gets in the way of typing a "real" backslash
*** Using the SGML input method
    + Type =C-u C-\ sgml= to activate
    + Type things like =&alpha;= or =&deg;= to get α and °. 
    + Pro: Access to more glyphs than with TeX it seems
    + Con: No access to sub/superscripts

** Punctuation
   We can use the em and en dashes—this clause is bounded by em
   dashes—directly in the org file. However, they aren't very easily
   distinguishable in some fonts, especially fixed width ones at small
   sizes. Here is a range of numbers separated by an en dash: 223–999.
   In this sentence – following British typographic convention –
   the en dash is used like the em dash is used in American
   typography. Here are some minus signs:— binary (223 − 999) and
   unary (−0.2). Finally, here is a hyphen for comparison: a-b. They
   look good in proportional fonts, such as Times, Futura and
   Optima. Baskerville is the font where they look most like their
   Computer Modern versions. In fact, Baskerville looks quite a lot
   like CMR in other ways too… Oh, and that was an ellipsis. 

:   Test in fixed-width font:— range 666–999 

   | symbol  | examples |
   |---------+----------|
   | hyphen  | 1-2  a-b |
   | en dash | 1–2  a–b |
   | em dash | 1—2  a—b |
   | minus   | 1−2  a−b |
   |---------+----------|

   It seems that the glyphs for the non-ascii characters are always
   taken from those of the font family of the =default= face, even
   where the font-lock face is specifically set to another font
   family.

** Dealing with pre-formatted text
:This uses the org-code face, so we can easily make 
:it fixed-width
   Even if we are using a proportional font family for the =default=
   face, by customizing the =org-code= face, we can use a fixed-width
   font (such as Monaco) for pre-formatted material (lines starting
   with ":" and words delimited with "="). We can do the same with the
   =org-table= face, so that the alignment of table lines still
   works. In the case of the pairing of Monaco and Times, it is also
   necessary to set the height of the fixed-width faces to 0.85, so
   that the character sizes match up.
*** Bugs
    1. Table alignment still won't be quite right if there are unicode
       characters in the table cells, since the glyphs for these have
       variable widths, even in a /supposedly/ fixed-width font like
       Monaco. 
    2. It doesn't work for sections with the QUOTE keyword, since
       these do not use any special face.

** Other typographical symbols (e.g., §)
   It would be nice if we could use ∗, • and ⋆ as list markers. Maybe
   even ♥and ♠, although they look a bit heavy. 

** Greek letters and math symbols: /α = x² − y²/

   Examples: ½∫ Ξ₀ dz = ℏc/λ ⇒ ϑ ⊂ {⊼, ⋓, ∡} □

*** Variations between fonts (Mac OS X 10.4/Aquamacs 1.2)
      As far as I can see, only a few fonts have their own set of
      glyphs for the Greek letters. Times has a nice set of glyphs,
      although it does have the problem that italic nu and italic v
      look /very/ similar. Spot the difference: /νv/ ! Most font
      families use a common set of glyphs that have a Sans Serif feel
      to them, as though they were designed to go with Helvetica
      (although Helvetica actually uses a slightly different
      set). These glyphs have the problem that the "gamma" looks too
      much like a "y" and the "tau" looks like a "t". When used with
      Monaco, they look too small. 

*** Super- and sub-scripts
    These don't exist for all letters. 

*** Example alphabets
    αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρστυφχψω\\
    /αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρστυφχψω/\\
    abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\\
    /abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/ \\
    ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ\\
    /ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ/ \\
    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\\
    /ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/ \\

:    αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρστυφχψω
:    /αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρστυφχψω/
:    abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
:    /abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/
:    ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ
:    /ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ/
:    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
:    /ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/

** Export to HTML
   This should work since the charset is declared as utf-8. However,
   support in browsers is variable.
   + Safari and Opera work the best—everything looks pretty nice in
     both. 
   + Firefox does OK, but the minus signs come out as hyphen. The bold
     math looks funny too with greek letters being *very* bold.  

** Export to LaTeX
   Presumably, this won't work out of the box. I haven't tried it
   yet. However, see this [[http://iamleeg.blogspot.com/2007/10/nice-looking-latex-unicode.html][blog post by Graham Lee]] for a possible
   solution:
:\usepackage{ucs} % Unicode support
:\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % UCS' UTF-8 driver is better than the LaTeX kernel's
:\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % The default font encoding only contains Latin characters
:\usepackage{ae,aecompl} % Almost European fonts/hyphenation do a better job than Computer Modern

*** Update [2007-11-02 Fri]
    Best to use the option =\usepackage[mathletters]{ucs}=, since
    otherwise it tries to use commands like =\textalpha= and I have no
    idea where these are defined (and Google wasn't much help). With
    =mathletters= it uses the standard math symbol greek alphabet,
    whether you are in math mode or not. I guess a better solution
    would be to use =\ifmmode= to test if we are in math mode and use
    =\upalpha= if we are not. 
**** Problems encountered with =org-export-latex=
     + Backslashes in quoted text are not properly escaped. 

** Integration with calc
   Calc does not understand unicode as afar as I can see (e.g., it
   doesn't recognise 2.3 ± 0.4 as an error form). Presumably, this
   could be fixed rather easily since calc already has the concept of
   display styles. 

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